Articles Posted in US Taxes

How small businesses can take maximum advantage of the new longer 2008 NOL carryback

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, signed into law on Feb. 17, 2009 ( P.L. 111-5 , the “Recovery Act”) allows qualifying small business to choose a three- four- or five-year net operating loss (NOL) carryback period for certain losses instead of the usual two-year period. This article explains the details of this new provision and the planning that should be undertaken to ensure that a qualifying business chooses the carryback period that will yield maximum tax benefits for the business, taking into account the carryback itself and its tax picture for this year and previous years.

How individuals are affected by tax changes in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (commonly referred to as the Recovery Act), which was signed into law on Feb. 17, 2009, makes a number of beneficial tax changes for individuals. However, most of them are temporary in nature, that is, unless extended by future legislation, they apply for 2009 only or in some cases for 2009 and 2010. Here’s a review of the more widely applicable provisions that could have an impact on you and your family.

Newly revised 2008 Form 5405, First-Time Homebuyer Credit, reflects Recovery Act IR 2009-14 Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution In a news release issued on Feb. 25, 2009, IRS has announced that it has posted a revised version of the 2008 Form 5405, First-Time Homebuyer Credit, to reflect recent improvements to the credit made the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Recovery Act, P.L. 111-5). Pre-Recovery Act credit. Under pre-Recovery Act law, for qualifying purchases of principal residences in the U.S. after Apr. 8, 2008 and before July 1, 2009, eligible first-time homebuyers may claim a refundable tax credit equal to the lesser of 10% of the purchase price of a principal residence or $7,500 ($3,750 for married individuals filing separately). A taxpayer is considered a first-time homebuyer if he (or spouse, if married) had no present ownership interest in a principal residence in the U.S. during the 3-year period before the purchase of the home to which the credit applies. Eligible first-time homebuyers who purchase a principal residence after Dec. 31, 2008, and before July 1, 2009, may elect to treat the purchase as made on Dec. 31, 2008. For eligible purchases in 2009, a taxpayer may elect to claim the credit for 2008 or 2009 by attaching Form 5405 to the taxpayer’s original or amended 2008 tax return or 2009 tax return. The first-time homebuyer credit phases out for individual taxpayers with modified AGI between $75,000 and $95,000 ($150,000-$170,000 for joint filers) for the year of purchase. The credit for new homebuyers is recaptured ratably over fifteen years, with no interest charge, beginning with the second tax year after the tax year in which the home is purchased. For each tax year of the 15-year recapture period, the credit is recaptured as an additional income tax amount equal to 6⅔% of the amount of the credit. This repayment obligation may be accelerated or forgiven under certain exceptions.

Observation: In other words, the credit for new homebuyers is the equivalent of a long-term interest-free loan from the government.

Recovery Act enhancements to the credit. For residences purchased after 2008, Sec. 1006 of the Recovery Act:

  • increases the maximum homebuyer credit to $8,000. (Code Sec. 36(b))
  • extends the credit so that it applies to purchases before Dec. 1, 2009. (Code Sec. 36(h))
  • correspondingly, for purposes of the election to treat the purchase of a principal residence as having been made on Dec. 31, 2008, extends the last date of purchase has until Nov. 30, 2009. (Code Sec. 36(g))
  • generally waives the recapture of the credit for qualifying home purchases after Dec. 31, 2008. However, if the taxpayer disposes of the home or the home otherwise ceases to be the principal residence of the taxpayer within 36 months from the date of purchase, the pre-Recovery Act rules for recapture of the credit apply. (Code Sec. 36(f)(4)(D))

Observation: Committee reports indicate that this waiver of the recapture applies without regard to whether the taxpayer elects to treat the purchase in 2009 as occurring on Dec. 31, 2008, which is allowed by Code Sec. 36(g).

Form 5405. Form 5405 is fairly straightforward. Part I A calls for the address of the home qualifying for the credit while Part I B asks for the date it was acquired. A box must be checked on Part I C if the taxpayer is choosing to claim the credit for a home bought in 2009.

Observation: Specifically, Part I C calls for the box to be checked “[i]f you are choosing to claim the credit on your 2008 return for a main home bought after December 31, 2008 and December 1, 2009.” Thus, Form 5405 reflects the Recovery Act change making this option available for a main home bought Dec. 31, 2008 and before Dec. 1, 2009.

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (commonly referred to as the Recovery Act), which was signed into law on Feb. 17, 2009, makes a number of beneficial changes for business. Here’s a review of the more widely applicable provisions that could have an impact on you and your enterprise.

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution

Liberal expensing limits continued for another year. The Recovery Act gave a one-year lease on life to enhanced expensing rules, which allow qualifying businesses the option to currently deduct the cost of business machinery and equipment, instead of recovering its cost via depreciation over a number of years. For tax years beginning in 2009, the maximum amount that a business may expense is $250,000, and the expensing election begins to phase out when a business buys more than $800,000 of expensing-eligible assets. These dollar limits are the same as those that were in effect for 2008. Had the Recovery Act not been passed and signed into law, the dollar limits would have dropped this year to $133,000 and $530,000 respectively.

President’s FY 2010 budget will propose many major tax changes for businesses and individuals

“A New Era of Responsibility: Renewing America‘s Promise,” the Administration’s preview of its FY 2010 budget, is available at http://www.omb.gov

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution

Energy tax incentives in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution The recently enacted “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009” (the 2009 economic stimulus act) includes a package of tax incentives to encourage investments in renewable energy projects or more-efficient technologies. I’m writing to give you an overview of these new provisions. Please call our offices for details of how the new changes may affect you, your investments, or your business.

Long-term extension and modification of renewable energy production tax credit. The new legislation extends the placed-in-service date for wind facilities for three years (through December 31, 2012). It also extends the placed-in-service date through December 31, 2013 for certain other qualifying facilities: closed-loop biomass; open-loop biomass; geothermal; small irrigation; hydropower; landfill gas; waste-to-energy; and marine renewable facilities.

Business tax changes in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution I’m writing to give you an overview of the key tax changes affecting business in the recently enacted “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009” (the 2009 economic stimulus act). Please call our offices for details of how the new changes may affect your specific business.

Extension of bonus depreciation. Last year, Congress temporarily allowed business to recover the costs of capital expenditures made in 2008 faster than the ordinary depreciation schedule would allow by permitting these businesses to immediately write off 50% of the cost of depreciable property acquired in 2008 for use in the United States. The new law extends this temporary benefit for qualifying property purchased and placed into service in 2009.

Expanded college credit in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution The recently enacted “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009” (the 2009 economic stimulus act) includes a measure aimed at making college more affordable for low and moderate-income students. The new provision temporarily enlarges the Hope tax credit (renamed the American Opportunity tax credit) for students from middle-income families and partially extends this tax credit for the first time to students from lower-income families. Here are the details.

  • The new law creates a new American Opportunity tax credit for 2009 and 2010, replacing and expanding the Hope tax credit for those years.
  • The maximum amount of the American Opportunity tax credit is $2,500 (up from a maximum credit of $1,800 under the Hope credit). The credit is 100% of the first $2,000 of qualifying expenses and 25% of the next $2,000, so the maximum credit of $2,500 is reached when a student has qualifying expenses of $4,000 or more.
  • While the Hope credit was only available for the first two years of undergraduate education, the American Opportunity tax credit is available for up to four years.
  • Under the Hope credit, qualifying expenses were narrowly defined to include just tuition and fees required for the student’s enrollment. Textbooks were excluded, despite their escalating cost in recent years. The American Opportunity tax credit expands the list of qualifying expenses to include textbooks.
  • The Hope credit was nonrefundable, i.e., it could reduce your regular tax bill to zero but could not result in a refund. This meant that if a family didn’t owe any taxes it couldn’t benefit from the credit, which prompted critics to argue that the credit was thus denied to the very families most in need of help affording college. The American Opportunity tax credit addresses this criticism to a degree by providing that 40% of the credit is refundable. This means that someone who has at least $4,000 in qualified expenses and who would thus qualify for the maximum credit of $2,500, but who has no tax liability to offset that credit against, would qualify for a $1,000 (40% of $2,500) refund from the government.
  • The Hope credit was not available to someone with higher than moderate income. Under the credit’s “phaseout” provision, taxpayers with adjusted gross income (AGI) over $50,000 (for 2009) saw their credits reduced, and the credit was completely eliminated for AGIs over $60,000 (twice those amounts for joint filers). Under the American Opportunity tax credit, taxpayers with somewhat higher incomes can qualify, as the phaseout of the credit begins at AGI in excess of $80,000 ($160,000 for joint filers).

Get tax relief and resolve your tax matters by contacting the tax firm of Mike Habib, EA at 877-788-2937 or online at myirstaxrelief.com

Enhanced first-time homebuyer credit in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution In hopes of spurring the housing industry, the recently enacted “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009” (the 2009 economic stimulus act) includes an enhanced tax credit for first-time homebuyers. Here are the details.

You may remember that last year’s Housing Act included a tax credit giving first-time homebuyers up to a $7,500 (actually, 10% of the purchase price or $7,500, whichever is less) credit for buying a home between April 8, 2008, and July 1, 2009, with single taxpayers with incomes up to $75,000 and married couples with incomes up to $150,000 qualifying for the full tax credit. However, despite high hopes that the credit would be effective in getting people to buy homes and thereby reduce the excessive inventory on the market, the credit is widely acknowledged to have failed in its objective. The problem, according to realtors and industry officials, was that buyers were turned off by the odd way the credit worked. While the credit functioned initially like other tax credits, reducing a person’s tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis, it was unusual in that, unlike other federal tax credits (for example, the child credit), the credit for first-time homebuyers had to be paid back to the government ratably over a period of 15 years (or earlier if the house is sold).

“Making Work Pay” tax credit in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Mike Habib, EA Tax Relief & Tax Problem Resolution

The recently enacted “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009” (the 2009 economic stimulus act) contains a wide-ranging tax package that includes tax relief for low and moderate-income wage earners, individuals and families with college expenses, and home and car purchasers. The centerpiece of the tax package–and at $115 billion its single largest component–is a “Making Work Pay” tax credit of up to $400 per year for individuals, or $800 per year for couples. Here the details of this new credit:

  • Eligible individuals will receive an income tax credit for two years (tax years beginning in 2009 and 2010). The new credit, like other tax credits, will reduce a person’s tax liability on a dollar-for-dollar basis. Wage earners who don’t earn enough to pay income taxes will be able to claim the difference as a tax refund.
  • The new credit is the lesser of (1) 6.2% of an individual’s earned income or (2) $400 ($800 in the case of a joint return). In other words, for individuals with earned income above roughly $6,451 ($12,902 for couples), the credit maxes out at $400 ($800 for couples). For the last half of 2009, workers can expect to see perhaps $13 a week less withheld from their paychecks starting around June. That reduction goes down to about $9 per week next year.
  • Nonresident aliens do not qualify for this credit. Neither do estates, trusts, or individuals who can be claimed as a dependent on someone else’s return.
  • The credit is available in full only if AGI (adjusted gross income, with some modifications for highly specialized income) doesn’t exceed $75,000 for an individual ($150,000 if you file a joint return). The credit is phased out at a rate of two percent of the eligible individual’s AGI above $75,000 ($150,000 in the case of a joint return). So no credit is allowed for individuals with AGI of $100,000 or more, or for joint filers with AGI of $200,000 or more.
  • Unlike the $600 per worker lump-sum rebates issued last year, the credit can be received as a reduction in the amount of income tax that is withheld from a paycheck, or through a credit on a tax return.
  • Since the credit is based on taxable wages and thus unavailable to many retired people and other whose income does not come from wages, the new law includes a one-time payment of $250 to retirees, disabled individuals and SSI recipients receiving benefits from the Social Security Administration, and Railroad Retirement beneficiaries, and to veterans receiving disability compensation and pension benefits from the U.S. Department of Veterans’ Affairs. The one-time payment is a reduction to any allowable Making Work Pay credit. Similarly, a one-time refundable tax credit of $250 is provided in 2009 to certain government retirees who are not eligible for Social Security benefits. This one-time credit is a reduction to any allowable making Work Pay credit.

Get tax relief and resolve your tax matters by contacting the tax firm of Mike Habib, EA at 877-788-2937 or online at myirstaxrelief.com

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